This site supports the class "Information Technology and Society (ITL100)" which is part of the Washington and Jefferson College Information Technology Leadership concentration.  The class teaches students about the history of computers and their impact upon our society and culture.

ITL 100 Information Technology & Society

A survey of information technology innovations that changed society in fundamental ways, within the context of a more broadly defined discussion of the "history of technology." Topics within the history of information technology include the development of the integrated circuit, the personal computer, the Internet and the world wide Web, etc. Topics within the history of technology (broadly defined) include ethical, legal, environmental, and feminist issues involved in the development and implementation of new technologies. The course entails a combination of historical overview and a number of individual case studies of technology development and implementation. The latter will focus on issues of leadership, the identification and solution of complex problems, and the unexpected consequences of technological advances.

On this site students can find the complete syllabus, links to the required reading materials and additional supplemental resources.  All of the required written work is submitted to this site by the students.

Technology Tools

This site was created using the open source project Drupal. The servers supporting it run CentOS a version of the open source Linux operating system.  The web server is also open source and is called Apache.  Finally, the database server is open source and called MySQL (pronounced my ess q el).  The scripting language upon which Drupal was built is called PHP and like all of the rest of the infrastructure supporting this site, it is open source.  To learn of the details of how the site was put together using Drupal, see this case study.

From Echelon to Orwell

Submitted by Kentrd on Mon, 05/16/2011 - 16:51
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George Orwell's dystopian work 1984 is a view of the potential future of the world that is dominated by totalitarian regimes which use fear, pain, and technology to suppress any and all dissidence, no matter how miniscule.  This may not seem much like how we live today, but there is something eerie and disturbing that looms out into the psyche.  All fiction demands a grain of truth to stand upon.  The grain for 1984 is found in our leaders efforts to control the ways we feel and the ways we perceive the world.  

George Orwell,1984: Did He Have Good Comparisons?

Submitted by boltonee on Tue, 05/10/2011 - 14:51
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In George Orwell’s book 1984, he in essence tries to predict some of what may happen in the future. Orwell talks about a world only known to a fictional character named Winston Smith.  Winston’s world is very different from any modern day world.  His world is very restrictive and very censored.  Winston’s life is controlled by the technology that his government has developed and used against their citizens in a manner that knows no bounds and controls everything in their life.
 

iPhone, the game changing device

Submitted by Wallickap on Tue, 05/10/2011 - 04:40
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Apple needed a new game changing device that would once again put them on top of the market.  Steve Jobs and Apple conceptualized a touch screen phone that would have an easy to use interface.  Jobs wanted the iPhone to be a phone that could not be touched by any competitor in the market.  But there was a long road ahead for Apple before the creation of the iPhone was in full swing.
 
 

George Orwell's 1984

Submitted by Maria B on Tue, 05/10/2011 - 03:51
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“Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.” This is a famous quote from the novel 1984 written by George Orwell. The fictitious novel explores the dismal life of a man named Winston Smith, who is constantly suppressed by the totalitarian government that rules over him. Winston is unable to escape the watching eyes of Big Brother as he constantly monitors everyone’s actions through large telescreens. The novel follows Winston as he feebly tries to suppress his hatred for the Party.

George Orwell "1984," More Right Than We Thought

Submitted by thongar on Tue, 05/10/2011 - 02:49
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In the novel by George Orwell, he practically predicts the future. The government in England is cracking down and keeping watch on anyone and everyone. They are all regularly reported on and radicals are “fixed.” Today, we don’t have harsh problems such as these, but it’s almost as if we’re headed that way. New reports are showing that Apple has a way of tracking iPhones and it has consumers worried. If Apple can track their customers through their phones, is Blackberry next? Maybe Verizon and AT&T will soon follow suit.
 

Android's Rise to the Top

Submitted by kennedypj on Tue, 05/10/2011 - 02:21
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The release of Apple’s iPhone was a revolutionary event in the evolution of technological devices. With its responsive touch screen and easy to use operating system, no rival company could produce a phone even in the same ballpark as Cuppertino’s pride and joy. However, this didn’t stop companies from advertising devices as being the next “iPhone killer” every few months. Luckily for Apple none of these products ever stacked up to the iPhone’s specifications and Apple remained at the top uncontested by competitors.

Conceptual freedom

Submitted by falisjm on Tue, 05/10/2011 - 00:42
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 In George Orwell’s 1948 Novel “1984” he attempts, and some say he succeeds, to predict the future of the United States of America and the world. 1984 outlines a dystopian society in which the main character Winston Smith lives. Although Winston reveals that there are no real laws in his society three slogans outline daily life in Oceana and Airstrip One (England):

Apple iPod: Music's Makeover

Submitted by resnikne on Tue, 05/10/2011 - 00:13
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In the world of portable music, the Sony Walkman used to be king. This all changed however, with the creation of mp3 players, most notably the Apple iPod. We all remember carrying around cassettes or CD’s to play different types of music while we were exercising or studying. The Walkman was not a little device, and changing the CD every time you wanted to listen to something new was such a hassle. Luckily for us, the people at Apple had a brilliant idea: The iPod.

harmottonr's picture

 Technology is implemented in the military in a variety of ways, from the latest aircraft, naval ships, or even the newest weaponry. It is also implemented in various aspects of medicine and medical equipment.  The barrier between science fiction and reality is now broken thanks to the Exoskeleton for Human Performance Augmentation Project. The project was designed to improve the capabilities of the modern day ground soldiers. Other projects involved creating devices that could be used to help people in wheelchairs be able to walk.

Trading Privacy for Safety

Submitted by AlexSmith522 on Mon, 05/09/2011 - 23:27
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Orwell’s book 1984 is a look into a future society with complete government control. Its main character Winston explains what his life is like having Big Brother continuously look over him in every aspect of his life. Today’s technological advances have created a society that shows several similarities to the governmental control over the society presented in Orwell’s book 1984.

The Evolution of Apple

Submitted by elersda on Mon, 05/09/2011 - 22:02
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 Apple over their thirty five years of existence has largely impacted the computer industry and has transformed the way we use the personal machine today. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak are principally responsible for the growth over those years. Starting as college dropouts with little funds to start a company, Wozniak and Jobs began their venture in a garage. Although the first computer debut of the Apple I had people skeptical of the pair, Jobs and Wozniak reworked the first failed computer to create the Apple II and III.

Electronic Medical Records

Submitted by loperel on Mon, 05/09/2011 - 21:43
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Every year technology becomes more and more complex. By technology becoming more complex, life is supposed to become easier. The more complex technology becomes, people tend to rely on technology even more. But when problems occur with technology, life becomes tragic.
 

Windows Vista: The Two-Part Development

Submitted by brownzj on Mon, 05/09/2011 - 12:58
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The development of Windows Vista began in May of 2001, before the release of Windows XP, and was completed in November of 2006. Vista was originally expected to ship in late 2003 as a small step between XP and Windows 7. Over the course of its development, Vista had a number of technologies incorporated into it which had been slated for Windows 7 which delayed its release a few times. In 2004, after dealing with numerous delays and feature creep (when features become overly complicated), Microsoft announced that it was making significant changes to Vista. Development at that point basically restarted, and only incorporated features which would be included for the operating system’s release. After Vista was officially named in 2005, an unheard of beta testing program was implemented involving hundreds of thousands of volunteers. The development of Windows Vista was completed November 8, 2006 with an announcement by the co-president of Windows development.

iPod Redefines Media

Submitted by mcmonagleza on Mon, 05/09/2011 - 05:15
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In a period where personal digital devices such as digital cameras and handheld organizers were of popular demand, Apple Corp. emerged into the market by taking advantage of the outdated MP3 players by offering a new, trendy, and stylish alternative with their release of the iPod.
 

The Power of Apple

Submitted by bellaxdiaz on Sat, 05/07/2011 - 00:33
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apple logo
 

The Great Apple History: How it all began
  

1984 and Orwell's Predictions.

Submitted by monacellibj on Fri, 05/06/2011 - 15:02
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        George Orwell’s famous book 1984 was written as a political novel to warn people of the dangers of facing Communism in a totalitarian government. This book not only warned the world of potential dangers of being ruled this type of government, but it also presented some controversial new societal trends and technological advancement ideas for the future.

Advertising of the 50s-70s

Submitted by thongar on Thu, 05/05/2011 - 15:58
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In today’s advertisements for Apple, everything is sleek and white, and looks very futuristic. The description of the device is kept to just a few words, but the consumer knows exactly what the device does. The device is described as something that can be used in the office and for play after 5 o’clock. When Apple first started making personal computers though, the advertising was very different from today. 

The iPod: A Musical Revolution

Submitted by mikloszr on Mon, 05/02/2011 - 20:40
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 The invention of the iPod spurred a music revolution. Besides Napster, there has been nothing else that has caused the music industry to completely change how it distributes, sells and markets music. For better or worse, the iPod is responsible for the current business model being used by the music industry today.

Keynote from FOSDEM11

Submitted by gstoltz on Wed, 04/27/2011 - 11:13
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 Open source and political freedom

Growing Pains: Commercial Evolution of the Computer

Submitted by Kentrd on Wed, 04/27/2011 - 04:47
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Raymond Kent

Computers have not always held their place of esteem in consumer culture.  There was a time when computers had to prove themselves.  Not just to show that one was better than the other, but to prove they were useful to average people at all.  Let's take a look at some older adverts to get an idea of just exactly how the situation has changed for computer sales departments.

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